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 Application          Compendium          Ideas



Application

Why Bother With Experimentation?

      The appreciation of other instruments has been a very important part of my journey with the flute. I believe that each instrument has a special viewpoint of expression that it lends to music as a whole. As a flutist, to sigh like a cello helps to open to a new area of reflection. As the idiomatic approaches to ones favorite instruments are added to the musical lexicon, the flute becomes more open and supple. Each instrument derives its sound from the vibration (strings, winds, etc.) but the inflection comes from the interface. The user interface to a musical instrument is the control surface—a flute fingerboard, a fretless neck, etc. As a maker, I wanted to explore working with these variables.

      What about controlling non-flute-like instrument consoles from a flute fingerboard? (The Tracker Flute, a flute clavichord, a flute melodica.) What about applying a sophisticated slide whistle control surface to the flute? You can control the flute with a non-flute-like interface or control non-flute-like sounds with the flute. Instruments have been added to our musical family in modern times; look at the saxophone, vibraphone, or theremin! Modes of sound generation are still being investigated and discovered; there are new instruments around the corner! What will they tell us about sound itself?

      Why experiment with non-flute-like instruments? In some of my experiments, I have tried to move beyond the flute, beyond music—to sound. Most instruments produce a sound by resonating either a chamber or a waveguide. In order to look more deeply at this, I built the waveguide guitar with a very long, air-tight coil to resonate the sound instead of a large open chamber. The Pipatar looks more at interface. The formula governing vibration of a string involves the variables of mass, length, and tension. A standard guitar interface changes length in real time while the Pipatar changes tension. Taking these ideas back to the flute opens the mind to new possibilities. Changing the approach to vibration and interface led to the development of the Whammy Bar headjoint and Octorina.

      We just need to keep thinking and stay open. If a regular bass guitar plays just C, C# and D like a flute but a fretless bass plays all the in-between notes like Jaco Pastorius, what would the flute analog be? Hmm. . . . . . the fretless flute....



The Compendium

Experimental Instruments: Flute & Non-Flute

      These instruments are designed to explore the parameters of music and sound. Size, shape, materials and the manner in which the instrument is played all come together to create the form.       

      Different ways to control and create sound provided the inspiration. Each instrument is an evolution with elements added and taken away. They are experimental and are designed to invite further tinkering. New ideas may take the instruments in unexpected directions.

      What if the guitar didn't exist, and we had to invent it. What would it look like? Would we pluck it, bow it, slide the tuning, or use our fingers?

      As you imagine the music these instruments make, perhaps you'll also imagine other unique instruments and sounds.

  AIRAMIN  PhotoLink
The ability to play the slide whistle on a fretboard allows a musical interface to an instrument otherwise considered to be a mere special effect. The fretboard lends itself to precise intonation and expressive vibrato. Overall this instrument has a vocal sound.


  CRYSTAL FLUTE
PhotoLinks    Headjoint   Middle   Right Hand
Over the several years I spent developing my crystal mouthpieces, I researched glasses and crystals, as well as methods of working with them to produce the complicated geometries in a flute headjoint. In order to see my experiments through to the logical conclusion, I decided to build an entire modern flute out of glass. Two of these instruments were made. They featured redesigned key work out of sterling silver and the body material of quartz crystal. The tone of this instrument is truly unique, dark and woody, and at the same time, clear and transparent. In the end this instrument also proved invaluable studying the vortexes and air turbulence behavior within the sound column.


  DIDJERCARINA  PhotoLink
A drone instrument with high quirky overtones similar in tone to the didgeridoo. The body and the mouthpiece are separate. This allows many different mouthpieces to be made, exploring alternate designs.


  FLUCARINA  PhotoLink
The ocarina has historically had a somewhat enigmatic fingering system. One on the left, one on the right, two on the left and one on the right etc. I wanted to design an ocarina with a fingering system more in accord with a native flute style. Because this instrument operates on the principle of partial pressure rather than tube length, the one-on-one fingering is global; it turns C# into C, B into Bb and A into G#, making those troublesome half hole fingerings unnecessary. There is a lute-like quality to its tone—and the cedar wood body is reminiscent of a violin crossed with the fish shapes that I have been working with. A very sweet little flute with a surprisingly low owl-like sound.


  GOURD SITAR  PhotoLink
A zither arrangement of strings with a sitar type buzzing bridge and a fretless bass to play solo over the accompaniment. It is the unusual pairing of these two instruments on the same fretboard that allows for a very complete sound. This instrument suggests a softer, new age type of sound.


  HARP GUITAR  PhotoLink
16 Strings are set in a bass harp and a treble harp sandwiching a standard guitar. The arching sides are hollow and create dual resonance. With just enough room to reach through for fretting and a huge span of strings this instrument is a physical workout. The sound is evocative and very ethereal.


  MINIRINA  PhotoLink
As my studio space became filled with instruments of larger and larger size, I decided to explore the limits at the other end of the scale. There are strange effects in ocarinas of this size as they develop overblown harmonics which according to acoustic principles should not be present.


  MONOTAR  PhotoLink
This fish-like shape is made to vibrate the sacrum. By holding the instrument against the lower back a vibration is imparted to the body. The MONOTAR was developed specifically for this purpose and not as a performance instrument. Pitch control is achieved by changing string tension, not string length.


  PHOTON FLUTE  PhotoLink
This is another completely electronic flute. It features a controller for the right hand thumb that can bend the pitch up or down. The Lucite construction allows the instrument to be lit. The photon flute uses MIDI to access and control completely non-flute like sounds from a flute interface.


  PIPATAR  PhotoLink
This instrument collects the sound in a chamber with radial ports. The natural curve of the gourd yields a buzzing type bridge across the bottom giving it the sound of an Asian banjo. The slender gourd neck guides the sound while the steel rod supports the string tension.


  STONE FLUTE  PhotoLink
One of a series of electronic flutes made to mix the expressive breath of the flute with swirling synthesizer effects. Working with electronic instruments requires a separate approach. Many of these electronic instruments eventually yield new acoustic instrument designs.


  WAVEGUIDE GUITAR  PhotoLink
Also called the "Yin Yang Guitar," this lute-like instrument has a coiled waveguide in the body. The top was burnished down to preserve some of the spiral detail which is most evident when scanned across. The neck forms a second waveguide as it is hollow. The neck is fretless and open to great inflection in pitch.


 For related discussions, please visit

Headjoints, Materials & Experimental




Ideas

Some things I am thinking about…

  • A flute with an individual harmonica reed for each note, capable of normal play and also the ability to play polyphonically.

  • Aeolian wind harps—large outdoor sound sculptures with wind powered flutes.

  • A flute-powered clavichord... The math of the flute cups already puts them at the right "fret" locations. A clavichord actually frets a single string in the air with a fulcrum of sufficient mass. The string would be in the center of the flute and the former pad would "fret" the string. You play basically with "hammer ons."

  • Pianolimba—a kalimba structured like vibes or marimba in its layout. A modern day lap piano made with tempered rod to produce a Fender Rhodes type sound.

  • Reed Flute Headjoint—designed after the reed type organ pipe. There are serious hurdles in making this work in that the organ pipe is generally tuned to amplify the frequency of the reed but the reed does not want to play at anything but its one note.

  • Flute Bagpipes.

  • Flute Shruti Box—classic drone box of India with flutes instead of reeds.

  • A Hyper Flute… See Todd Machover @ MIT’s Media Lab for hyper instruments, super electric, extended, spatial, digital, modified musical instruments.

  • Copyright © 2002 Chris McKenna